浅谈MAPGIS的图元参数与属性在地质图制作中的应用     

牛桂芝 《化工矿产地质》2012,(3):175-177,186

MAPGIS是在地质行业,尤其是在地质图的制作过程中被广泛应用的一种地理信息系统,利用MAPGIS软件制作一张复杂的地质图,其地层颜色的修改和属性的填写是极其繁琐的过程。通过利用点图元、面图元的注释、属性和参数间的关系可以很方便的添写地层颜色,利用投影参数将图元的地理坐标信息方便的挂接为图元的属性,可达到事半功倍的效果。  相似文献   

基于海底DEM的洋中脊火山锥自动识别方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

党牛  余星  韩喜球  陈安清 《海洋学研究》2021,39(3):12-20

洋中脊是板块扩张和洋壳增生的主要区域,除了发育沿洋脊走向的裂隙式喷发火山脊,还分布有众多零星的中心式喷发火山锥。这些火山锥的形态和分布对了解洋中脊构造和岩浆活动具有重要的指示意义。基于海底多波束地形数据,采用人工或机器解译方法可以识别这些火山锥。本文利用大洋24航次船载多波束测深获得的卡尔斯伯格脊DEM(数字高程模型)数据,以非监督分类为手段,开展洋中脊火山锥的自动提取方法研究。基于原始DEM计算地形坡度、地表粗糙度、正负地形等衍生参数,进行特征变换,提取火山锥的特征信息。使用ISO(迭代自组织)聚类方法对特征变换后的图像进行聚类分析,并利用景观形状指数进行几何筛选,完成火山锥的自动提取。所使用的海底火山锥自动识别方法,正确率达0.8,重叠率约0.7,识别效果较好,效率高,能够在海底大范围的火山锥解译中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带构造演化的同位素年代学制约   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

朱光  张力  谢成龙  牛漫兰  王勇生 《地质科学》2009,44(4):1327-1342

近年来在郯庐断裂带内获得了大量的同位素年龄,为了解该断裂带的演化规律与相关动力学过程提供了有效的制约。该断裂带早期走滑构造带内给出了238～236 Ma的白云母 40Ar/39Ar 变形年龄,指示其起源于华北与华南克拉通碰撞过程的深俯冲阶段,支持其造山期陆内转换断层成因观点。其晚中生代走滑韧性剪切带内已获得的较大白云母 40Ar/39Ar冷却年龄为162～150 Ma,表明其再次左行平移发生在晚侏罗世初或中 晚侏罗世之交,出现在区域压扭性动力学背景下。这一事件应代表了中国东部滨太平洋构造域的开始时间。已获得的一系列断裂带内岩体与火山岩锆石LA ICPMS年龄显示,该断裂带内伸展性背景下最早的岩浆活动时间为136 Ma。而断裂带所控制的断陷盆地内地层时代表明其伸展活动发生在早白垩世初（约145 Ma）。这应指示了中国东部转变为伸展性动力学背景的时间。该断裂带一系列长石40Ar/39Ar年龄与磷灰石裂变径迹年龄,显示其在晚白垩世与古近纪仍处于伸展活动之中。  相似文献   

Analysis of the ore-controlling structure of the Shihu gold deposit, Hebei Province and deep-seated ore-prospecting prediction   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Shuyin Niu  Baode Wang  Aiqun Sun  Chao Chen  Zili Wang  Baojun Ma  Wenxue Wang  Xiaoping Jiang  Yongli Zhao  Yincang Gao  Huabin Liu  Jianping Qiu 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(4):386-396

Under the guidance of the theory of mantle-branch structure-associated metallogenesis and on the basis of the geological characteristics, analysis of the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures, the geochemical characteristics of metallogenesis, the source of ore-forming materials, changes in the physical and chemical conditions of metallogenesis, changes in the vertical width of ore veins, and changes in gold grade of the Shihu gold deposit, the mechanism of its metallogenesis was discussed and the rules of vertical variation of ore veins were summarized in this study. It is pointed out that the orebodies under exploitation at present time should be in the middle and upper portions of gold veins in the Shihu gold mining district. Particularly on the basis of the characteristics of mantle-branch structure-associated metallogenesis, it is indicated that metallogenesis is controlled mainly by such ore-forming conditions as temperature and pressure. Deep-seated ore-forming fluids are characterized mainly by injection and precipitation. So the vein bodies in the adjacent metallogenic structures are of obvious comparability, and there would be great prospects for ore search both at depth and in the periphery of the Shihu gold deposit. Therefore, ore prospecting should be strengthened both at depth and in the peripheries.  相似文献   

Mantle Input to the Crust in Southern Gangdese, Tibet, during the Cenozoic: Zircon Hf Isotopic Evidence     

Mo Xuanxue  Dong Guochen  Zhao Zhidan  Zhu Dicheng  Zhou Su  Yaoling Niu 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(2)

The Quxu (曲水) complex is a typical Intrusive among the Gangdese batholiths. Two sets of samples collected from the Mianjiang (棉将) and Niedang (聂当) villages in Quxu County, Including gabbro, mafic micro-enclaves (MME), and granodiorites in each set, were well dated in a previous SHRIMP zircon U-Pb analysis (47-51 Ma). In this article, the same zircons of the 6 samples were ap-plied for LA ICP-MS Hf isotopic analysis. The total of 6 samples yields 176Hf/177Hf ratio ranging from 0.282 921 to 0.283 159, corresponding to εHf(t) values of 6.3-14.7. Their Hf depleted-mantle modal ages (TDM) are in the range of 137-555 Ma, and the zircon Hf isotope crustal model ages (TDMC) range from 178 to 718 Ma. The mantle-like high and positive εHf(t) values in these samples suggest a mantle-dominated input of the juvenile source regions from which the bathollth originated. The large varia-tions in εHf(t) values, up to 5-e unit among zircons within a single rock and up to 15-e unit among zir-cons from the 6 samples, further suggest the presence of a magma mixing event during the time of magma generation. We suggest that the crustal end-member involved in the magma mixing is likely from the ancient basement within the Lhasa terrane itself. The zircon Hf isotopic compositions further suggest that magma mixing and magma underplating at about 50 Ma may have played an important role in creating the crust of the southern Tibetan plateau.  相似文献   

西藏南部二叠纪和早白垩世构造岩浆作用与特提斯演化:新观点   总被引：40，自引：0，他引：40       下载免费PDF全文

朱弟成  莫宣学  赵志丹  牛耀龄  潘桂棠  王立全  廖忠礼 《地学前缘》2009,16(2):1

西藏高原前新生代时期的特提斯演化和新生代时期的高原隆升历史是西藏高原基础地质研究中两个长期被关注的重要科学问题,但迄今对西藏高原自身的物质组成和前新生代演化历史的认知程度仍然较低,直接限制了对新生代时期西藏高原隆升历史的更深入研究。新的地质和地球化学资料显示早—中二叠世时俯冲背景和伸展背景共存于现今的冈底斯带和喜马拉雅带,中二叠世末期(大约263Ma)侵位的皮康过铝质S型花岗岩以及同期发生的松多榴辉岩的高压变质作用和区域性角度不整合指示现今的冈底斯弧背断隆带在那时经历了同碰撞造山事件。中生代岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素成分表明,冈底斯弧背断隆带和中冈底斯带存在以古元古代甚至太古宙物质为特征的古老基底物质,而北冈底斯带和南冈底斯则分别以中—新元古代新生地壳和显生宙新生地壳为特征。已有高质量年龄数据和锆石Hf同位素指示冈底斯带中北部地区在大约110Ma发生了带状岩浆大爆发并伴随着幔源物质显著增加。新的可靠的锆石U-Pb年龄指示喜马拉雅带东部措美(Comei)地区大面积出露的白垩纪火成岩侵位于132Ma左右,代表了新近在藏南和澳大利亚南西部识别出的经历了强烈变形和深位侵蚀的Comei-Bunbury大火成岩省的残余。以这些新资料为基础,讨论了西藏南部的晚古生代—中生代构造岩浆演化历史和特提斯演化过程。  相似文献   

水下冲孔灌注桩在工程中的应用     

刘朝明  周惠明  李春牛 《安徽地质》2009,19(3):228-230

分析水下冲孔灌注桩在地下水较为丰富,同时穿越流沙层,圆砾混卵石层等复杂地质条件施工中的质量控制及桩基方案的应用,,并对冲孔灌注桩轴线尺寸容易发生偏位的质量通病和泥浆排放是城市桩基文明施工的难题提出了有效的治理方案,实践证明桩型的选用和施工质量控制方法是正确的,也得到了明显的效果。  相似文献   

广东西樵剖面主量元素记录的全新世气候突变     

司月君  牛东风  李保生  王丰年  郭亿华  舒培仙  琚琛琪 《第四纪研究》2019,39(3):629-641

以广东佛山市西樵山(22°56'15"N,112°57'16"E)全新统厚153 cm的河湖相及红土为研究对象,在11个AMS-14C测年数据和沉积物主量元素分析的基础上探讨全新世以来该剖面的化学风化特征及古环境意义,对具有明确指示化学风化意义的脱硅富铝铁化指标Al2O3/SiO2和(Al2O3+TFeO)/SiO2进行分析,结合孢粉指示的古生态,确定了气候旋回与化学风化旋回之间的关系,为南亚热带地区全新世环境演变提供了地球化学证据。研究结果表明,西樵山全新统共记录了13次弱风化-冬季风事件,其中发生于2000 cal.a B.P.(xc1)、2900 cal.a B.P.(xc3)、4100 cal.a B.P.(xc4)、5300 cal.a B.P.(xc5)、7800 cal.a B.P.(xc10)、9300 cal.a B.P.(xc11)、9500 cal.a B.P.(xc12)和9700 cal.a B.P.(xc13)的事件可对应北大西洋深海沉积Bond事件1~8,前6次事件与南海陆坡北部的17940孔10 ka B.P.以来的6个弱季风事件相应,且这13个冷事件几乎都可与太阳黑子活动最小值阶段相对应。这意味着西樵山剖面全新世突变事件除受北半球高纬冰量变化的影响外,可能还在相当程度上受到太阳活动的强迫。  相似文献   

Influence of stress conditions on shear behavior of slip zone soil in ring shear test: an experimental study and numerical simulation     

Chen  Huie  Ma  Wenliang  Yuan  Xiaoqing  Niu  Cencen  Shi  Bin  Tian  Guili 《Natural Hazards》2022,110(2):1179-1197

Natural Hazards - Hurricanes and tropical storms pose a significant threat to developed coastal regions around the world. In the United States, hurricanes cause billions of dollars in damage each...  相似文献   

Frontiers in geoscience: A tribute to Prof. Xuanxue Mo-Preface     

Zengqian Hou  M.Santosh  Wenjiao Xiao  Yaoling Niu  Victor Mocanu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(5):1261-1264

正1.Introduction In response to the proposal by the Earth Science community of China,we are delighted to organize this special issue of Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)in honor of the work by Xuanxue Mo,Professor of Petrology and Geochemistry of China University of Geosciences(Beijing)and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,as a tribute to him on his 80th birthday.In his over 50 years of profes-  相似文献